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The web.config <database> element defines a data store for Sitecore items. Only databases defined below the main <databases> element are considered valid. The bare minimum for a database definition is:

<database id="myDB" singleInstance="true" type="Sitecore.Data.Database, Sitecore.Kernel">
  <param desc="name">$(id)</param>
</database>

This will define a database called 'myDB' that can be accessed from within the Sitecore API in the following way:

 Database database = Factory.GetDatabase("myDB");
 
 MainUtil.Out("Got the database: " + database.Name);

This code will output the message:

 Got the database: myDB

Note that all threads in the process will share a single instance of the database object due to the attribute 'singleInstance' on the <database> element.  The database defined above will not contain any data as it has not yet been told where and how to retrieve its data.  We do this with data provider elements.

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